The earth-moving machine is a type of large engineering machinery. The working capacity of the earth-moving machine depends on geological conditions; it cannot excavate rock or blasted ore, frozen soil, or mud. It generally excavates lignite or ordinary soil; if excavating hard coal, the cutting force must be increased.

Classified according to the crushing method and the mechanical structural characteristics (action principle), it is broadly divided into six categories

(1) Jaw crusher (tiger mouth). The crushing action relies on the movable jaw plate periodically pressing toward the fixed jaw plate to crush the ore blocks caught between them

(2) Cone crusher. The ore block is located between the inner and outer cones; the outer cone is fixed, and the inner cone performs eccentric swinging to crush or break the ore blocks caught between them

(3) Roll crusher. The ore block is in the gap between two oppositely rotating rolls and is mainly subjected to continuous crushing action, but also has a grinding and abrasion effect; the toothed roll surface also has a splitting effect

(4) Impact crusher. The ore block is struck and broken by the impact of rapidly rotating moving parts. This category can be further divided into: hammer crushers; cage crushers; impact crushers

(5) Grinding mill. The ore is pulverized in a rotating cylinder by the impact and grinding action of grinding media (steel balls, steel rods, gravel, or ore blocks).

A. Roller mill: the material is crushed by rotating rollers.

B. Disc mill: a disc rotating on a vertical or horizontal shaft is used as the crushing component.

C. Centrifugal mill. High-speed rotating components and media generate centrifugal force to complete the crushing action.

D. Vibrating mill. A rotating shaft generates high-frequency vibration, causing the media and material to collide with each other and complete the crushing action.

Various types of crushers have different specifications and different application ranges. Coarse crushing mostly uses jaw crushers or gyratory cone crushers; medium crushing uses standard cone crushers; fine crushing uses short-head cone crushers.