The Central Economic Work Conference held at the end of last year proposed: "We must adhere to the benign interaction between high-quality development and high-level security, promote high-level security through high-quality development, and safeguard high-quality development through high-level security; development and security must be dynamically balanced and mutually reinforcing." This is a regular understanding for doing economic work well in the new era, and it provides us with fundamental compliance and scientific guidance for doing economic work well.

　　Promote high-level security through high-quality development

　　Development is the foundation of security, and development is the greatest security. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "Development is the ** priority for the Party in governing and rejuvenating the country, and it is the key to solving all of China's problems." After the founding of New China, especially since reform and opening up, our Party has led the people to successfully embark on the path of Chinese-style modernization, created the two miracles of rapid economic development and long-term social stability, built a moderately prosperous society in all respects, achieved the ** centenary goal, and pushed the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation into an irreversible historical process. China's social productive forces have increased significantly, and its economic strength, scientific and technological strength, comprehensive national power, and international influence have continued to grow. But we must also clearly recognize that China is still in the ranks of upper-middle-income countries, and per capita gross domestic product (GDP) still lags behind that of developed countries. The basic national condition that China is still in the primary stage of socialism and will remain so for a long time has not changed, and the problem of unbalanced and inadequate development remains prominent. Chinese-style modernization is the largest-scale modernization in human history and is a great and arduous undertaking. History proves that lack of development is the greatest insecurity. We must always adhere to taking economic construction as the central task, continuously liberate and develop social productive forces, continuously strengthen the country's economic strength, and continuously enhance the ability to safeguard national security.

　　At present, China's economy has shifted from a stage of high-speed growth to a stage of high-quality development, which is an inherent requirement for following the objective laws of economic development and maintaining sustained and healthy economic development. Economic development is a process of spiral ascent; once quantitative accumulation reaches a certain stage, it must shift to qualitative improvement. Only by adhering to high-quality development and promoting effective qualitative improvement and reasonable quantitative growth of the economy can we provide a solid material foundation for high-level security. The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed that by 2035 China will basically achieve socialist modernization, and that "per capita GDP will reach a new major level and attain the level of moderately developed countries." To achieve this goal, we must not only maintain a certain economic growth rate, but also adhere unswervingly to the theme of promoting high-quality development and accelerate the realization of higher-quality, more efficient, fairer, more sustainable, and more secure development. We should optimize the allocation and combination of production factors, improve the utilization level of production factors, raise total factor productivity, and continuously strengthen the endogenous driving force of economic growth. In particular, we should strengthen scientific and technological innovation to lead the building of a modern industrial system, use disruptive technologies and frontier technologies to spawn new industries, new models, and new momentum, break through "bottleneck" problems, achieve high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening, and accelerate the cultivation and formation of new quality productive forces.

　　At the same time, it should be recognized that high-quality development is not only an economic requirement, but an overall requirement for all aspects of economic and social development. Entering the new development stage, in the face of a more complex and severe domestic and international environment, only by taking adherence to high-quality development as the absolute principle of the new era and running the requirements of high-quality development through all fields and the entire process of economic and social development can we better withstand various risks and challenges and achieve benign interaction between high-quality development and high-level security.

　　Safeguard high-quality development through high-level security

　　Security is the prerequisite for development, which requires establishing bottom-line thinking. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "We must enhance our awareness of potential dangers, always be vigilant in times of peace, implement the overall national security concept, and coordinate development and security." Coordinating development and security, enhancing awareness of potential dangers, and being vigilant in times of peace are a major principle of our Party in governing the country.

　　In recent years, changes unseen in a century have accelerated, and changes in the world, in the times, and in history are unfolding in unprecedented ways. The connotation and extension of China's national security are richer than at any time in history, the scope of time and space is broader than at any time in history, and the internal and external factors are more complex than at any time in history. Only by adhering to bottom-line thinking, accelerating the modernization of the national security system and capacity, and effectively preventing and resolving various risks and challenges can we safeguard high-quality development through high-level security and ensure the smooth advancement of building a modern socialist country in all respects. We must adhere to the overall national security concept, understand and grasp the laws based on the great changes in the international order, plan and assess countermeasures based on the major premise of preventing and resolving risks and challenges, run national security through all aspects and the entire process of Party and state work, and plan and deploy it together with economic and social development.

　　Economy and science and technology are important areas of international competition. At present, some countries have adopted tariff increases and various non-tariff measures in trade and implemented so-called "small yard, high fence" and "decoupling and breaking chains" in science and technology. The importance and urgency of safeguarding China's national economic security and scientific and technological security have risen significantly. China is at an important juncture in moving from a middle-income country to a high-income country, and the contradictions and risks it faces are more numerous and complex, such as the relatively large gap between urban and rural regional development and income distribution, the need to improve the building of a unified domestic market and the market-based allocation of resource factors, the fact that some key core technologies are controlled by others, overcapacity in some industries, weak social expectations, and still numerous hidden risks. In particular, it is necessary to coordinate development and security well. At the same time, it should be recognized that these difficulties are difficulties in development, problems in progress, and growing pains; they have not changed the long-term positive trend of China's economy and will certainly be resolved in the course of development.

　　It is necessary to further improve the basic socialist economic system, continuously improve the institutional mechanisms for implementing the "two unswervings," and fully stimulate the endogenous driving force and innovative vitality of all types of business entities. We should accelerate high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening, solve the "bottleneck" problems of key core technologies, and safeguard the security and stability of industrial and supply chains. We should safeguard the security of bulk commodities such as food, energy, and resources, without relaxing efforts to ensure the stable and secure supply of food and other important agricultural products, and improve the capacity to safeguard energy and resource security. We should coordinate the resolution of risks in real estate, local debt, and small and medium-sized financial institutions, severely crack down on illegal financial activities, and resolutely hold the bottom line of preventing systemic risks. We should adhere to seeking progress while maintaining stability, promoting stability through progress, and establishing the new before abolishing the old, introduce more policies conducive to stabilizing expectations, growth, and employment, effectively enhance economic vitality, prevent and resolve risks, improve social expectations, and consolidate and strengthen the trend of economic recovery and improvement. We should strengthen economic publicity and public opinion guidance and promote the bright prospects of the Chinese economy.

　　Strive to achieve dynamic balance and mutual reinforcement between development and security

　　Development and security are like the two wheels of a cart and the two wings of a bird; neither can be neglected. We must adhere to the benign interaction between high-quality development and high-level security, better coordinate development and security, and strive to achieve dynamic balance and mutual reinforcement between development and security.

　　To coordinate development and security, first, we must adhere to systematic thinking. To safeguard development through security, we must comprehensively and objectively assess the problems and challenges in China's economic and social fields, and accurately and effectively identify what the hidden risks are, where they are, and how many there are; we must dare to swim in the vast ocean of the world market and continuously advance the modernization of the national security system and capacity. To promote security through development, we should pay more attention to coordination and efficiency, rule-of-law thinking, technological empowerment, and grassroots foundations, and promote the organic connection and integrated linkage of all aspects of construction. We must not abandon the family assets we have accumulated over the long term and the industrial foundation we have formed for short-term interests of a moment or a single matter, and we must not blindly spread too many projects or launch projects indiscriminately. We must adhere to the absolute principle of high-quality development in the new era and take scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening as the strategic support for national development. Second, we must adhere to advancing with the times. After reform and opening up, we put forward the major judgment that peace and development are the themes of the times, fully leveraged China's comparative advantages in factor endowments such as labor, deepened reform, expanded opening up, and promoted development, and achieved historic achievements that attracted worldwide attention. Entering the new era, peace and development remain the themes of the times, while at the same time profound and complex changes have taken place in the domestic and international situation. The opportunities facing China's development are more strategic and malleable, and the challenges are more complex and overall; the challenges are unprecedented, and if handled well, the opportunities will also be unprecedented. We must correctly understand and actively adapt to these new changes and better coordinate development and security. Third, we must establish a global perspective. Every country has the right to development, and the people of all countries have the freedom to pursue a happy life. At the same time, security and development are inseparable, and one's own security and common security are inseparable. We must promote common development, respond to common challenges, and safeguard common security. Under the guidance of the concept of building a community with a shared future for mankind, China has advanced high-quality Belt and Road cooperation and proposed and implemented the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative, and the Global Civilization Initiative, precisely in order to work with the international community to build a world of lasting peace, universal security, common prosperity, openness and inclusiveness, and cleanliness and beauty. As the trend of "the East rising and the West declining" and "the South rising and the North declining" in the world balance of power continues to develop, strengthening the unity and cooperation of emerging markets and developing countries will help form a dynamic balance between high-quality development and high-level security.

　　Accelerating the construction of a new development pattern is a major strategic arrangement for coordinating development and security. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "Accelerating the construction of a new development pattern is a strategic decision made based on achieving the second centenary goal and coordinating development and security, and it is a strategic deployment for grasping the initiative for future development." Only by accelerating the construction of a new development pattern can we consolidate the foundation of China's economic development and enhance the security and stability of development, and can we enhance China's viability, competitiveness, development capacity, and sustainability amid various foreseeable and unforeseeable storms and waves, ensure that the process of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is not delayed or even interrupted, and successfully achieve the goal of building a great modern socialist country in all respects. After reform and opening up, especially since joining the World Trade Organization, China has deeply participated in the global division of labor and integrated into the international circulation, forming a development pattern in which markets and resources are "both ends outside," and its dependence on foreign trade once reached 67%. After the outbreak of the international financial crisis in 2008, in the face of external shocks, we took expanding domestic demand as the basic foothold for maintaining steady and relatively rapid economic development and promoted the shift of economic development toward domestic demand-led growth. In 2020, in the face of the interwoven impact of the once-in-a-century pandemic and changes unseen in a century, and in the face of profound and complex changes in the domestic and international development environment, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core, with far-sighted vision and by sizing up the situation, made the major strategic decision to accelerate the construction of a new development pattern with the domestic circulation as the main body and the domestic and international dual circulations mutually promoting each other. Facts have proved that to seek development in a more uncertain and unstable world and shape new advantages in international cooperation and competition, we must accelerate the construction of a new development pattern. For a period in the future, the characteristics of China's domestic market dominating the economic circulation will become more obvious. At present, China has built the most complete industrial system in the world and is the ** country in the world to possess all industrial categories in the United Nations industrial classification. In 2022, the gross enrollment rate of higher education reached 59.6%, and the total number of R&D personnel has ranked first in the world for many years. This will further enhance the resilience, vitality, and sustainability of China's economy and consolidate and elevate China's position in the global industrial chain, supply chain, and innovation chain. With a population of more than 1.4 billion, including more than 400 million middle-income people, and per capita GDP exceeding US$12,000, the continuous expansion of the domestic market scale and the continuous upgrading of residents' consumption structure will enable China to more effectively respond to external economic shocks and internal risk tests. At the same time, it should be recognized that taking the domestic circulation as the main body absolutely does not mean operating in a closed and isolated manner. The new development pattern is not a closed domestic single circulation, but an open domestic and international